feat(cli): improve error handling with more custom Error instances

.changeset/strange-bags-complain.md

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'@emigrate/cli': minor
+---
+
+Improve error handling by making more granular custom Error instances

packages/cli/src/cli.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env node
 import process from 'node:process';
 import { parseArgs } from 'node:util';
-import { ShowUsageError } from './show-usage-error.js';
+import { ShowUsageError } from './errors.js';
 import { getConfig } from './get-config.js';
 
 type Action = (args: string[]) => Promise<void>;
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ try {
   if (error instanceof Error) {
     console.error(error.message);
     if (error.cause instanceof Error) {
-      console.error(error.cause.message);
+      console.error(error.cause.stack);
     }
   } else {
     console.error(error);

packages/cli/src/errors.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+import { type MigrationHistoryEntry, type MigrationMetadata } from '@emigrate/plugin-tools/types';
+
+const formatter = new Intl.ListFormat('en', { style: 'long', type: 'disjunction' });
+
+export class EmigrateError extends Error {
+  constructor(
+    public code: string,
+    message: string,
+    options?: ErrorOptions,
+  ) {
+    super(message, options);
+  }
+}
+
+export class ShowUsageError extends EmigrateError {}
+
+export class MissingOptionError extends ShowUsageError {
+  constructor(public option: string | string[]) {
+    super('ERR_MISSING_OPT', `Missing required option: ${Array.isArray(option) ? formatter.format(option) : option}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export class MissingArgumentsError extends ShowUsageError {
+  constructor(public argument: string) {
+    super('ERR_MISSING_ARGS', `Missing required argument: ${argument}`);
+  }
+}
+
+export class BadOptionError extends ShowUsageError {
+  constructor(
+    public option: string,
+    message: string,
+  ) {
+    super('ERR_BAD_OPT', message);
+  }
+}
+
+export class UnexpectedError extends EmigrateError {
+  constructor(message: string, options?: ErrorOptions) {
+    super('ERR_UNEXPECTED', message, options);
+  }
+}
+
+export class MigrationHistoryError extends EmigrateError {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public entry: MigrationHistoryEntry,
+  ) {
+    super('ERR_MIGRATION_HISTORY', message);
+  }
+}
+
+export class MigrationLoadError extends EmigrateError {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public metadata: MigrationMetadata,
+    options?: ErrorOptions,
+  ) {
+    super('ERR_MIGRATION_LOAD', message, options);
+  }
+}
+
+export class MigrationRunError extends EmigrateError {
+  constructor(
+    message: string,
+    public metadata: MigrationMetadata,
+    options?: ErrorOptions,
+  ) {
+    super('ERR_MIGRATION_RUN', message, options);
+  }
+}

packages/cli/src/new-command.ts

@@ -2,21 +2,21 @@ import process from 'node:process';
 import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { getTimestampPrefix, sanitizeMigrationName, getOrLoadPlugin } from '@emigrate/plugin-tools';
-import { ShowUsageError } from './show-usage-error.js';
+import { BadOptionError, MissingArgumentsError, MissingOptionError, UnexpectedError } from './errors.js';
 import { type Config } from './types.js';
 import { stripLeadingPeriod } from './strip-leading-period.js';
 
 export default async function newCommand({ directory, template, plugins = [], extension }: Config, name: string) {
   if (!directory) {
-    throw new ShowUsageError('Missing required option: directory');
+    throw new MissingOptionError('directory');
   }
 
   if (!name) {
-    throw new ShowUsageError('Missing required migration name');
+    throw new MissingArgumentsError('name');
   }
 
   if (!extension && !template && plugins.length === 0) {
-    throw new ShowUsageError('Missing required option: extension, template or plugin');
+    throw new MissingOptionError(['extension', 'template', 'plugin']);
   }
 
   let filename: string | undefined;
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ export default async function newCommand({ directory, template, plugins = [], ex
       content = await fs.readFile(templatePath, 'utf8');
       content = content.replaceAll('{{name}}', name);
     } catch (error) {
-      throw new Error(`Failed to read template file: ${templatePath}`, { cause: error });
+      throw new UnexpectedError(`Failed to read template file: ${templatePath}`, { cause: error });
     }
 
     filename = `${getTimestampPrefix()}_${sanitizeMigrationName(name)}.${stripLeadingPeriod(
@@ -60,7 +60,10 @@ export default async function newCommand({ directory, template, plugins = [], ex
   }
 
   if (!filename || content === undefined) {
-    throw new ShowUsageError('No generator plugin found, please specify a generator plugin using the plugin option');
+    throw new BadOptionError(
+      'plugin',
+      'No generator plugin found, please specify a generator plugin using the plugin option',
+    );
   }
 
   const directoryPath = path.resolve(process.cwd(), directory);
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ async function createDirectory(directoryPath: string) {
   try {
     await fs.mkdir(directoryPath, { recursive: true });
   } catch (error) {
-    throw new Error(`Failed to create migration directory: ${directoryPath}`, { cause: error });
+    throw new UnexpectedError(`Failed to create migration directory: ${directoryPath}`, { cause: error });
   }
 }
 
@@ -84,6 +87,6 @@ async function saveFile(filePath: string, content: string) {
 
     console.log(`Created migration file: ${path.relative(process.cwd(), filePath)}`);
   } catch (error) {
-    throw new Error(`Failed to write migration file: ${filePath}`, { cause: error });
+    throw new UnexpectedError(`Failed to write migration file: ${filePath}`, { cause: error });
   }
 }

packages/cli/src/show-usage-error.ts

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-export class ShowUsageError extends Error {}

packages/cli/src/up-command.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,14 @@
 import process from 'node:process';
 import { getOrLoadPlugin, getOrLoadPlugins } from '@emigrate/plugin-tools';
-import { type LoaderPlugin } from '@emigrate/plugin-tools/types';
-import { ShowUsageError } from './show-usage-error.js';
+import { type LoaderPlugin, type MigrationFunction } from '@emigrate/plugin-tools/types';
+import {
+  BadOptionError,
+  EmigrateError,
+  MigrationHistoryError,
+  MigrationLoadError,
+  MigrationRunError,
+  MissingOptionError,
+} from './errors.js';
 import { type Config } from './types.js';
 import { stripLeadingPeriod } from './strip-leading-period.js';
 import pluginLoaderJs from './plugin-loader-js.js';
@@ -12,13 +19,16 @@ type ExtraFlags = {
 
 export default async function upCommand({ directory, dry, plugins = [] }: Config & ExtraFlags) {
   if (!directory) {
-    throw new ShowUsageError('Missing required option: directory');
+    throw new MissingOptionError('directory');
   }
 
   const storagePlugin = await getOrLoadPlugin('storage', plugins);
 
   if (!storagePlugin) {
-    throw new Error('No storage plugin found, please specify a storage plugin using the plugin option');
+    throw new BadOptionError(
+      'plugin',
+      'No storage plugin found, please specify a storage plugin using the plugin option',
+    );
   }
 
   const storage = await storagePlugin.initializeStorage();
@@ -36,7 +46,10 @@ export default async function upCommand({ directory, dry, plugins = [] }: Config
 
   for await (const migrationHistoryEntry of storage.getHistory()) {
     if (migrationHistoryEntry.status === 'failed') {
-      throw new Error(`Migration ${migrationHistoryEntry.name} is in a failed state, please fix it first`);
+      throw new MigrationHistoryError(
+        `Migration ${migrationHistoryEntry.name} is in a failed state, please fix it first`,
+        migrationHistoryEntry,
+      );
     }
 
     if (migrationFiles.includes(migrationHistoryEntry.name)) {
@@ -61,7 +74,7 @@ export default async function upCommand({ directory, dry, plugins = [] }: Config
 
   for (const [extension, loader] of loaderByExtension) {
     if (!loader) {
-      throw new Error(`No loader plugin found for file extension: ${extension}`);
+      throw new BadOptionError('plugin', `No loader plugin found for file extension: ${extension}`);
     }
   }
 
@@ -100,10 +113,19 @@ export default async function upCommand({ directory, dry, plugins = [] }: Config
       const filePath = path.resolve(cwd, directory, name);
       const relativeFilePath = path.relative(cwd, filePath);
       const loader = loaderByExtension.get(extension)!;
+      const metadata = { name, filePath, relativeFilePath, cwd, directory, extension };
 
-      const migration = await loader.loadMigration({ name, filePath, relativeFilePath, cwd, directory, extension });
+      let migration: MigrationFunction;
 
       try {
+        try {
+          migration = await loader.loadMigration(metadata);
+        } catch (error) {
+          throw new MigrationLoadError(`Failed to load migration file: ${relativeFilePath}`, metadata, {
+            cause: error,
+          });
+        }
+
         await migration();
 
         console.log(' -', name, 'done');
@@ -115,12 +137,14 @@ export default async function upCommand({ directory, dry, plugins = [] }: Config
         console.error(' -', name, 'failed:', errorInstance.message);
 
         await storage.onError(name, errorInstance);
+
+        if (!(error instanceof EmigrateError)) {
+          throw new MigrationRunError(`Failed to run migration: ${relativeFilePath}`, metadata, { cause: error });
+        }
+
         throw error;
       }
     }
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error(error);
-    process.exitCode = 1;
   } finally {
     await cleanup();
   }